Articles
Reference material on deciduous tree phenology, leaf science and seasonal observation in Poland.
Leaf Science
How Deciduous Trees Change Leaf Color in Autumn
Chlorophyll breakdown, anthocyanin synthesis and the abscission layer — the biology behind autumn colour in six Polish forest species.
Phenology
Tracking Leaf Fall Phenology in Polish Forests
Historical observation networks, regional timing differences and long-term trends in Polish deciduous forest leaf fall records.
Observation Methods
Keeping a Phenological Diary for Deciduous Trees
Stage definitions, observation schedules and recording formats for a consistent personal phenological record over multiple seasons.